Ukuqonda Ukuhlolwa Kwenzwa ye-SpO2

Ngu-Andrew Clay, uFluke Biomedical

Inothi Lomhleli: Lesi sihloko, esibhalwe ngo-2015, sisaqhubeka sifundwa kakhulu24×7isayithi.Sithemba ukuthi ingakunikeza ulwazi oludingayo njengoba uhlola i-SpO₂izinzwa.

Ukuqapha i-SpO₂, iphesenti lokugcwala komoya-mpilo egazini, seliyindinganiso yokunakekela isiguli emhlabeni wonke.Cishe wonke umuntu oqapha isiguli unekhono elakhelwe ngaphakathi noma elinamathiselwe lokuqapha lolu phawu olubalulekile.I-SPO₂kuyindlela engaqondile nengangenisi yokulinganisa ukugcwala komoyampilo egazini.Kufanele ihlolwe kanye nawo wonke amanye amapharamitha okusebenza komzimba ngesikhathi sokuvikela noma ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kwemonitha yesiguli, noma idivayisi ezimele yodwa.

Ubuchwepheshe

I-SpO₂Ikalwa endaweni ezungezile, ngokuvamile umunwe, futhi iyisilinganiso esisodwa sempilo yesimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi nokuphefumula.I-pulse oximeter ilinganisa ngokunganaki ukugcwala komoyampilo egazini lesiguli.Le divayisi iqukethe umthombo wokukhanya obomvu kanye ne-infrared, izitholi zesithombe, kanye ne-probe yokudlulisa ukukhanya ngombhede we-arterial translucent, odonsayo, ngokuvamile isihloko somunwe noma indlebe.I-hemoglobin ene-oxygen (O₂Hb) kanye ne-deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) imunca ukukhanya okubomvu ne-infrared ngokuhlukile.Iphesenti lokugcwala kwe-hemoglobin egazini le-arterial lingabalwa ngokulinganisa izinguquko zokumunca ukukhanya okubangelwa ukushaya kwe-arterial blood flow.

Izinto ezihlukahlukene zingathinta ukunemba kwe-SPO₂ukulinganisa, okuhlanganisa izimo zesikhumba, umbala wombala, amanxeba, izicubu ezibaziyo, ama-tattoos, i-nail polish, i-hypothermia, i-anemia, imithi, ukuphazamiseka okuncane, nokunyakaza.

I-SPO₂kukalwa kusetshenziswa inzwa, ngokuvamile enamathiselwe emunweni wesiguli.Kunezindlela ezimbili ze-SpO₂ubuchwepheshe: transmissive and reflective.Indlela yokudlulisela iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zombili.Njengoba kubonisiwe emfanekisweni 1, ubuchwepheshe obudlulisayo budlulisa ukukhanya okubomvu ne-infrared ngomunwe kuye kumtshina wesithombe.

Umfanekiso 1: Ubuchwepheshe obudlulisayo, uhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-clinical pulse oximetry.Chofoza ukuze ukhulise.Enye indlela esetshenziselwa i-SPO₂ithembele kubuchwepheshe obukhanyayo.Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, le ndlela inesidlulisi nomamukeli endizeni efanayo.I-SPO ekhanyayo₂izinzwa zingabekwa kwezinye izindawo ze-anatomy kunomunwe, njengebunzi.

Umfanekiso 2: Ubuchwepheshe obubonakalayo, obunye esikhundleni sezilinganiso zokudlulisela.Chofoza ukuze ukhulise

Ukuhlola

Umkhiqizi ngamunye wedivayisi ye-pulse oximetry kufanele anqume ukunemba kwedivayisi yakhe ngokwenza ukuhlola komuntu.Njengoba uDennis J. McMahon echaza ephepheni lakhe elimhlophe, “Ayikho into efana ne-SpO.₂Isifanisi,”¹"ocwaningweni olulawulwayo lokuqeda umoya, izihloko zamavolontiya ziphefumula ukulandelana kwezingxube zegesi zokuncipha kokuqukethwe komoyampilo ngenkathi zixhunywe kusiqaphi sesibonelo."Amasampula egazi e-arterial abe esethathwa ezifundweni ukuze kulinganiswe ukugcwala komoyampilo elabhorethri yomtholampilo.

Umphumela walokhu kuhlola igrafu yaleyo modeli ethile ye-SPO₂inzwa kanye nokuqapha.Le grafu ibizwa nge-R-curve.Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3, ijika le-R lichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso esithile sokukhanya okubomvu ne-infrared ngokuqhathaniswa nokugcwala komoyampilo okubonwayo njengoba kuqoqwe phakathi nokuhlolwa komuntu.I-R-curve ibe isisetshenziswa ku-firmware yensimbi ethile kanye ne-SPO₂abahloli.

Umfanekiso 3: Isibonelo se-R-curve, ehlobanisa ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala kwe-O2 nevelu engu-R.Chofoza ukuze ukhulise Ama-Simulators, ama-calibrator, nezihloli ezisebenzayo zama-pulse oximeters kuchazwe ku-ISO standard 80601-2-61.Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zemishini yezokwelapha, ama-pulse oximeter awaklanyelwe ukuthi alinganiswe ngaphandle kwemboni.Azikho izindlela ezamukelekile zokuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa okulungile kwe-pulse oximeter ngaphandle kokuhlolwa komuntu.Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-SPO₂okokusebenza kokuhlola emakethe kusesigabeni somhloli osebenzayo.

Ngokusho kukaTobey Clarke encwadini yakheUkuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi Yezinto Zokwelapha, abaqaphi besiguli kufanele bahlolwe ngokusebenza okungenani njalo ngonyaka.²Abahloli abaningi abasebenzayo bahlola i-SPO₂inzwa optically.Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlolwa kwenzwa, ikhebuli, nokuqapha.Abanye abahloli abasebenzayo bafaka isiginali ngqo kusiqaphi, bahlola isiqaphi kuphela.Abanye bangahlola ikhebuli ukuze baqhubeke.Abahloli abaningi abasebenzayo bahlola kuphela ubuchwepheshe obudlulisayo, ababukisi.

Ukugeleza komsebenzi okujwayelekile kokuhlola imonitha yesiguli noma i-SPO ezimele yodwa₂ukuqapha kufaka phakathi ukuhlola isimo somzimba, ukwenza izivivinyo zokuphepha zikagesi, ukwenza noma yikuphi ukugcinwa kokuvimbela okunconywe ngumkhiqizi, ukuhlola ukusebenza (okuhlanganisa nama-alamu nokunye ukuhlola okuqondile), futhi, ekugcineni, ukubhala imiphumela yokuhlola.

U-Andrew Clay ungumphathi wokumaketha umkhiqizo we-Fluke Biomedical, Everett, Wash. Lesi sihloko sithathwe ku-Fluke Biomedical whitepaper.

Izikhombo

1. McMahon DJ.Ayikho into efana ne-SPO₂isifanisi.Everett, Geza: Fluke Biomedical;2013. Itholakala ehttp://www.flukebiomedical.com/Biomedical/usen/Events/Promos/sp02-whitepaper-SOC.Ifinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 15, 2015.

2. Clark JT, Lane M, Rafuse L.Ukuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi Yezinto Zokwelapha: Ukuthuthukiswa Kohlelo Lokuhlola Nezinqubo.Everett, Geza: Fluke Biomedical;2008:123.